Understanding Creation.

Cosmology, by its very nature, is in a continuous state of development, and new ideas can become out of date very quickly. Even so, there are some

fundamental properties that we have to accept to make any progress at all. The first is that we, the seekers of understanding, have our own

limitations.

We use our five senses to detect our surroundings, whether they be near or at the apparent limit of the Universe. We use our greatest ability, our

memory,

to hold onto our discoveries and use the written or spoken word to help us propagate our findings. Without our senses, nothing would exist for us.

Some suggest that by using the language of mathematics we can understand conditions beyond the ability of our other senses. This may be so, and for sure,

mathematics is a universal language. But here I want only to deal with those things that are tangible to us all.

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So first some words and what I mean by them.

SPACE. The volume within which everything that we perceive exists.

SPACE TIME. A point in space and time at which an event occurs.

          TIME. The, ever changing condition of everything that does exist.

      TIME MEASUREMENT. The use of specific, regular, change rates. (The swing of a pendulum, for instance)

          THE COSMOS. Everything. (Known and unknown.) With the probability that the Cosmos is infinite.

          THE UNIVERSE. That part of the Cosmos (that we have so far) observed.

          ENERGY. (Common usage) Ability of matter or radiation to do work.

          ENERGIE. (My Word) The basis from which everything is formed. That, from which everything is structured.

       Implying that in an infinite Cosmos there can be no upper or lower limit to structure.

          PARTICLES. Structures that store large quantities of energy, constructed out of lesser energie structures.

       ATOM. The basic unit of ordinary matter. Recognized as having a tiny nucleus,

      consisting of protons and neutrons, surrounded by orbiting electrons. But according to my understanding,

      constructed out of a possible very large number of lesser structures.

      E=Mc². Einstein's famous equation states the equivalence of energy and matter.

       That all matter equals a certain amount of energy. So each atom is a store of a large amount of energy,

          so are energie particles.

          Energy is stored, either as spin or as movement relative to other structures.

          GRAVITY. The compressive effect of the Cosmic atmosphere on any mass.

      BLACK HOLE.   A Black Hole forms when gravity compresses any mass to such an extent

      that not even light can escape its gravitational grip.

      WHITE HOLES.   Exploding Black Holes.

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Throughout history most cosmologies suggested that the Universe was finite in size and variety. Even the Big Bang theory

at first stated that before the BB there existed nothing. (No time or space and that there could not be a "beyond" the Universe).

It was stated that because it was impossible, using our understanding of physics, to explain how the BB singularity could have occurred,

it was better to deny a "before".

Today, many qualify those views by claiming that nothing of the Universe existed before the BB, and that time and space within the Universe

started with the BB. (While still holding onto the BB theory some cosmologists are claiming that mathematical evidence suggests,

beyond science fiction images of the Cosmos).

One theory that did suggest a possible infinite creativity was that postulated by Sir Fred Hoyle with his continuous creation theory.

Our ability, using our five senses, is to recognize three spatial dimensions and a forth, Time. We say everything exists in a certain form,

position and condition at a particular moment of time. Now, it is claimed that we need many more dimensions with which to explain creation.

To-date there is no tangible evidence that these extra dimensions exist. With the evidence we have it is difficult to believe that creation and creativity

had a beginning. It is equally difficult for us to comprehend an infinite creativity. We try to understand creation with the limited knowledge

and abilities we are endowed with. There is much that we cannot explain, yet once we develop a reasonable explanation to any phenomena it then

becomes possible for that explanation to be understood by many.

To-date all reasonable explanations require only the four dimensions that we are all familiar with. The Big Bang theory still gives a very acceptable

explanation of creation to many but each new discovery we make shows creation to be far grander than we had previously recognized.

Nature uses very simple forms as its basis; the incredible complexity comes with attempting to understanding the detail.

Look around and most of what you see we call matter and we know that matter is made out of atoms.

Go outside on a sunny day and you feel the heat radiating from the Sun.

Go outside on a clear night and you see the stars separated by varying amounts of space.

Here we have three basic ingredients of the Universe. Space, Matter and Radiation.

Simple when you think of them like that, but they are so complex in detail that nobody as yet can claim to have a complete understanding

of any one of them. Think of the similarity between the suggested form of an atom and that of the Solar system or the appearance of the average Galaxy.

Beautifully simple in structure yet infinitely complex in detail. Maybe the Universe itself would appear similar in form if viewed from afar.

So where should we start our search for a new insight into the creativity of the Cosmos? We will start with Space and Matter and leave Radiation till later.

Until fairly recently space was considered a void, a vacuum, an emptiness, but as we learn more about its condition we seem to be continually

adding greatly to its contents. Firstly there are the many millions of galaxies that increase in number as we look in greater detail at more and more

of the sky.

New and more powerful telescopes help us resolve images that previously we had no way of detecting. Huge distances separate the galaxies and,

as yet, we have no way of knowing just how far away are the most distant galaxies. We assume, because of our acceptance of the BB theory,

that there is a limit, but the new space telescopes that we are now planning will look at tiny spaces between the known galaxies and may show

ever greater numbers. Will we ever be able to see beyond the most distant galaxies into an apparently completely empty void? Maybe.

Each galaxy is filled with many millions of stars. They swirl around dancing to gravities tune. They are born, live and die within their Galaxy.

They are born out of the contents of the galaxy and in death add extra potential to the galaxy, creating solar systems and the opportunity

for the development of many life forms.

Each galaxy is so huge and in comparison each star so small that great distances separate the stars, enabling huge clouds of dust and gasses

to last for millions of years slowly forming new stars and planets. Everything we have studied concerns huge numbers. Huge numbers of galaxies,

vast numbers of stars, incalculable numbers of atoms and particles. But the largest measurement of all is the immense volume of space that they exist in.

There would appear to be no comparison between the size of a single star to the volume of space used by the known Universe.

But consider this, all matter within the Universe is made out of atoms and each atom is so small that it is nearly impossible to see a single one. It takes millions of

atoms to equal one spoonful of sugar, so imagine how many it has taken to create the Universe?

I only mention the above to help us recognize the vast differences in size and scale used within the Universe as we so far know it. But what if,

and I feel sure it will prove to be so, that the Cosmos is infinite in its creativity?

The most obvious possibility an infinite Cosmos suggests is that structures exist that make this Universe seem as a single atom in comparison,

and that at the other end of the scale particles exist that make a single atom look like a whole Universe. Completely illogical? If you think so,

read again of the vast differences in sizes we already accept as existing within the Universe.

The Big Bang theory postulates a specific moment for the birth of the Universe and so a specific age.

You then have to accept that the Universe was either created by God, who has to be of infinite age and ability, that the Universe

is the result of some unexplainable magic, or that the BB singularity erupted out of some other pre condition.

If you accept the God theory then at least you accept that He is infinite. Surely no thinking person could accept a magical creation. But if you accept

that the Big Bang had a prior condition then you are already on the road to accepting an infinite creativity.

We, of course have no understanding just what an infinite creativity could encompass, but it is not too difficult to postulate just how it could affect

our ideas as to how this Universe could have formed. So let us accept as a basis for this exploration, that the Cosmos, if not the Universe is infinite.

Therefore, Time has no beginning or end. Space has no boundary. The size of structures may have no upper or lower limit.

We have at last an acceptable definition of the word energy, spelt energie. (See my definitions). I have already pointed out that we recognize more

and more of what is contained in Space.

Today many agree that space has a potential to create new matter, either at the event horizon of a black hole, or as one-dimensional pieces of "string".

But these ideas are not radical enough for me. It has always been accepted that space is a near perfect vacuum, but I will suggest that energie particles

pervade the whole Cosmos, and that the old saying that nature abhors a vacuum is true. So true that an absolute vacuum is not possible anywhere

in the whole Cosmos. Just as the Universe contains a multitude of energie forms, (Galaxies, Stars, Planets, Atoms etc.) and energy levels, so too,

does Space. But the nearest we get to recognizing any space structures is when we speak of radiation or "mass- less" particles. I suggest that space

has an atmosphere, an atmosphere of energie particles, generally of infinitely small sizes with not a single minute absolute void anywhere.

But surely, you will say, that is the old Ether idea and hasn't that been refuted over and over again. It has, but a truer understanding of a new image

of the Cosmos give reasons why it becomes acceptable.         (Read my section on LIGHT.)

   Now we can attempt to show how this Universe could have formed,

   Time available…….Infinite. Space available……Infinite

    Volume of space required? Many times the volume now occupied by the Universe.

So within a huge volume of space, we start by recognizing the atmosphere of energie particles. As with all atmospheres there is turbulence.

Some volumes, are calm, others develop incredible storms. Here on earth severe storms can produce tornados, with their characteristic and very

destructive funnels. In cosmic space, millions of these tornados occur and are under pressure from every direction. So instead of funnels they produce

complex spheres. (Energie structures) Do not compare these storms with the storms we experience here on Earth, for this atmosphere is virtually ethereal,

so if you were immersed within one you would feel nothing at all.

These spheres are the first step taken toward ultimately producing particles that we could recognize. In time, vast numbers of these structures gather together.

As gravitational pressure, slowly at first, gather them into huge collections, their collapse into huge Black Holes become inevitable.

At this point it is worth giving you my thoughts about black holes. But first read this quote taken from page 49 of Stephen W. Hawkin’s book.

“A brief history of time“, and I hope that I am not taking it too far out of context.

Quote.
            Using the way light cones behave in general relativity together with the fact that gravity is always attractive, he, Roger Penrose, showed that a star collapsing under its own gravity is trapped in a region whose surface eventually shrinks to zero size. And since the surface of the region shrinks to zero, so too must its volume. All the matter in the star will be compressed into a region of zero volume. In other words one has a singularity       contained within a region of space-time known as a black hole.

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A singularity may be a mathematical possibility but I cannot accept that they are part of nature.

I do not accept that matter can collapse into oblivion with only its gravity remaining.

Gravity is a product of mass, so if the mass disappears so would its gravity.

Matter cannot exist with no size, if it exists then it has to have size.

A specific form of matter can only exist so long as it retains its structure and required volume of space.

During collapse into a black hole matter has to go through many structural changes. Changes that allow it to retain its mass whilst occupying ever

smaller volumes of space. Matter, of any form, can only be compressed to a certain limit. Beyond that limit it has to assume a new structure

and eventually collapse to become a black hole which will either reach a state of balance or explode, becoming a white hole.

There are various forms of exotic stars, including neutron stars. If a collapsing black hole can reach a state of balance within its environment,

it too can become a long lived star. A Black Star.

There are probably many millions of these types of stars within every galaxy, accounting for some of the so called missing mass. Further collapse

will produce an exploding black hole, but never a singularity.

So, returning to our developing Universe we now have a huge volume of space with many millions of collapsing giant black holes within that space.

As each black hole collapses, compressive gravitational pressure will force more and more of the energie particles within the surrounding volume

of space to be absorbed by each black hole, so dragging the millions of black holes closer and closer together. Before they could finally fall into each other

they each explode releasing vast quantities of tiny, but massive particles into the surrounding space environment.

Several things now happen. As these incredibly energetic particles are forced into the surrounding space, space expands so separating the

exploding white holes, at the same time some of the particles are converted into other forms of matter. Matter that will go on to make the billions

of stars we are familiar with. Each giant white hole will become a galaxy. We really should consider each galaxy as a separate Universe,

and although we have never seen the death of a galaxy we may be able to see very young galaxies.

Quasars are newly formed galaxies?

We see the birth of stars, see stars at different stages of their lives and even see the death of stars.

There is a great similarity in the birth of stars, but their lives and deaths can be very different. It may also be that the lives and deaths of the galaxies will differ.

Black holes initiate the birth of galaxies, and it is likely that many die by again becoming black holes. Some may die as Galactic Super Nova.

Others may die relatively quietly and eventually their remnants may become huge planet like objects. Within the Infinite Cosmos there will be

a vast range of possibilities, but they will all be based on Structures formed out of Energie particles. Now what about radiation.

Well all levels of radiation are also formed of minute bundles of Energie Particles, and their behavior can best be described by using the following analogy.

Imagine four tropical fish tanks. The first somewhere in New Zealand, the second in the UK, the third somewhere on the west coast of America and the forth

somewhere in India. A person standing at the side of each tank would see any bubbles rise vertically through the water, but if it were possible to see

all four tanks, say from a space ship, then that observer would see the bubbles move through the water at very different angles, all directly away from

the center of the earth. No matter how deep the tanks the bubbles would move at a constant rate and as they move they would wobble.

This is the best way I can think of to explain the behavior of any radiation. Having been ejected from its source, Cosmic pressure forces the radiation

to shoot off into space at a constant speed and at a fixed frequency ( wobble) depending on its energy level.

By recognizing that Cosmic space is filled with energie structures, many complex explanations can be simplified. Indeed we can now see that everything

that we witness within the Universe can all results from the development of greater and more complex forms of structured Energie particles,

and this can all be achieved without the need of a single extra dimension.

One problem that still remains is the question of anti matter and to explain this we may need to develop the theory as to how this Universe

may have been created. § But what is anti matter? Essentially it is the exact opposite to matter. So when an anti-matter and a matter particle

collide they destroy each others structure.

A little experiment may help illustrate this. Take a length of cord about 15 inches long. Attach a small weight to one end.

Now holding the cord away from your body spin the weight in a clockwise direction. Take note of the relationship that the upper movement

of the weight makes in relation to the room that you are in . Maybe away from a window but toward a door. Now while still spinning the weight,

slowly turn your body to face the opposite direction. Now again take note of the direction that the top half of the spin is taking.

You will see that although the movement is still clockwise, the direction, relative to the first position is now reversed. Now it is toward the window

and away from the door. If two electric fans, both spinning in a clockwise direction were used and were then brought together their blades would

clash and be destroyed. This is a very simple way of describing Matter and Anti Matter and will help us understand why a truer image of the structure

of this Universe becomes possible.

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Trying to understand the structure of the Cosmos is made very difficult for us because we have only a very limited amount of the details that we require.

It is as if we are attempting to assemble a very large jig saw puzzle with many of the pieces missing. This was one of the problems with the Big Bang theory.

It was easier to deny a prior condition because we had no laws with which to describe that prior condition. And yet it was those very prior conditions

that would have created the opportunity for the creation of the Big Bang.

So this search for a greater understanding has to be essentially a philosophical search, but will hopefully encourage others to seek a better understanding.

Unfortunately in recent years too many Cosmologists have let their ideas go wild, demanding that we accept all sorts of suggestions. No doubt they will all be

refuted as better evidence becomes available .

If my theories of an infinite Cosmos totally filled with structured energie forms is true, then to further elaborate on a possible scenario for the development

of this Universe requires that we include antimatter; and that we must not take the easy way out as was done with BB theory, where all antimatter was

destroyed very early on. In an infinite Cosmos there has to exist an equal amount of both Matter and Antimatter.

   So I suggest that within vast volumes of Cosmic space, where pre matter energie forms exist, the structures that pervade such volumes are not directionally

   polarized. So have no bias toward forming either matter or antimatter structures. But this does not mean that these volumes are static, for there are varying

   degrees of disturbances throughout the whole infinite Cosmos.

   So within a vast volume of this non polarized space a truly monstrous storm developed, it produced an immense amount of particles that collapsed

   toward forming a massive black hole. In exploding, it became a monstrous white hole that had an immense accretion disc around its rotating center.

   (2) I call this object

THE STAR of CREATION.

Without reasonable explanations so many ideas, suggestions or theories made by cosmologists must be viewed by the layman as so

The most often made statement is that the Universe was created out of NOTHING. This claim frankly should not be accepted by any

thinking person but is still being voiced even today. Strangely the claim is readily accepted by people of higher intellect. Teachers, for

instance. So let us get this straight, if it were possible to have an absolute void then that void could never create anything whatsoever.

Not even a Quantum fluctuation. If the word NOTHING means something else to cosmologists then let them explain just what it does

mean to them. It is vital that, where possible we use only language that truly represents our absolute meanings. If this is not possible

then we must create new words. Words that truly explain our meanings. It is not only this one suggestion that infuriates me, for there is

a long list of such casually used ideas that you can read in any book on astronomy or cosmology.

A Void by definition contains absolutely nothing. So when cosmologists suggest that the Galaxies are not actually moving apart but

For a start they know space is far from empty, if nothing else it is full of radiation, so there is no Void. But if it were a void then it is

The reason it is suggested is that we accept that the Galaxies are moving apart but it is assumed that the Galaxies themselves are not

expanding, as is the volume of space occupied by the Universe. But the Galaxies, early on in their formation did expand, and may still

be very slowly expanding. This could be verified by comparing similar Galaxies close by to others at great distances, which we see as

To illustrate just how much so called empty space does contain, consider this.

It is estimated that an average star pours out approximately 4 Million tons of its mass, as radiation, each second. That is 345600 million

tons each and every day. Multiply that by the many millions of stars that each Galaxy contains and you realize that Space, as vast as it is

COSMOLOGY.

UNDERSTANDING

CREATION.

COULD IT BE?

Read the following pages to see how all this is explained.

COSMOLOGY.

THE STAR of CREATION.

TIME

&

TIME TRAVEL.

LIGHT.